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Exploring Barriers to Women Political Participation in the General Elections (2024): A Case Study of District Mansehra

Zainab Dawood, Sheryar Khan, Dr. Muhammad Tariq — Tue, 30 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Women have been playing a very significant role in the political history of a country. Their participation and active involvement in the legislative and executive branch always strengthen democratic values and improve governance system. This article aims at exploring their participation through voting, getting elected to the legislature, gender equality and public offices in District Mansehra, Pakistan. Social barriers, family restrictions, patriarchal societies and lack of education may hinder them from proper working. The study is based upon qualitative research approach utilizing both primary and secondary sources for the thematic analysis. To substantiate their experience a total of fifteen women were interviewed who contested the 2024 general elections dilating upon their issues and challenges in the way of their political participation. Findings of the study pinpoint the financial dependence of women, social restrictions, and dominant role of patriarchal society. Recommendations of the study encompass a comprehensive policy reforms, need for encouragement and doing away with male dominated societies.

Thinking about Thinking: Metacognitive Self–Regulation and Gender Differences

Nida Ayaz, Zahra, Tayyaba Abrar Satti — Tue, 30 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Learning is a complex process which requires crucial skills in learners like self-regulatory skills of planning, monitoring and evaluation. The purpose of the current study was to determine the awareness level of these important skills of students. The University of Peshawar's B.Ed (Hons) program (2014–2015) was the sole focus of the study. There were 102 male and 127 female B.Ed (Hons) students in the study's population. A ninety student multistage stratified random sample was chosen. The Schraw & Dennison (1994) questionnaire items were used to collect the data. The results were tabulated, calculated as a percentage, and further interpreted in simple language. Other statistical tools, such as the t-test and descriptive statistics, have also been used.

Our Data elicited that pupils employ metacognition for memorization rather than understanding process in learning. Data found females better at goal-oriented learning, planning and comprehending strategies. Students were found to be proficient in self-reflection, self-assessment, appraisal, and self-motivation during the learning process.

Identifying the Level of Performance of Secondary School Head Teachers appointed by PPSC with respect to their Locality

Pakeeza Saeed, Dr. Fareeha Sami, Dr. Misbah Iqbal — Tue, 30 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The study determines the level of performance of secondary school head teachers appointed through Punjab Public Service Commission (PPSC) with respect to their locality. The main objective of the study was to identify the level of performance of rural and urban area’s Head teachers’ performance selected through PPSC. The main hypothesis was that there is no significant difference between the level of performance of rural and urban area’s PPSC appointed head teachers. Quantitative research approach with survey techniques methods were used for data collection. The population included all male and female secondary school head teachers appointed by PPSC, and serving in different localities of District Sargodha. Using a multistage sampling technique, 48 Govt. secondary schools were conveniently selected from urban and rural areas of Tehsil Sargodha, and 48 head teachers along 96 teachers were selected on availability basis. Two developed questionnaires, one for head teachers and the other questionnaire for teachers were used as relevant instruments to gather data from respondents. After Pilot testing, Cronbach’s alpha reliability of both questionnaires were 0.62 and 0.88 respectively. Descriptive statistics were used in analyzing data and reporting the study findings, independent sample t-test and spearman correlation were used to check the extent of difference between urban and rural areas PPSC appointed head teachers’ level of performance in secondary schools. The conclusion of the study was that there was no significant difference between performance level of urban and rural areas PPSC appointed Head teachers. On the basis of conclusion it was recommended that QAED academy may arrange trainings for the urban and rural areas PPSC appointed head teachers and teachers for their better development.

Impact of Techno-Stress on Employee Productivity & Burnout

Tanveer Alam, Muhammad Sagheem, Dr. Saima Hassan — Thu, 18 Sep 2025 16:14:00 +0000

This study investigates how techno-stress affects teacher productivity and burnout, aiming to identify strategies to reduce techno-stress and improve workplace efficiency in rural areas of Peshawar. Employing a quantitative, survey-based approach, the study uses a sample of 283 teachers to explore the relationships between techno-stress, burnout, and productivity. This quantitative and Survey based study employs a sample of 283 teachers to look for links between techno-stress and factors like burnout and productivity. The results indicate a strong correlation (R-squared = 63.7%), showing that increased techno-stress is associated with lower productivity and higher levels of burnout. In order to maintain teacher effectiveness and well-being, it is crucial to manage techno-stress in educational settings, as these results demonstrate. The findings align with the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), highlighting that perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness are crucial for effective technology integration in educational settings. Structured training to increase adaptation, mental health services to fight burnout, & proactive management tactics to lessen digital stress are all suggestions. Future research should adopt longitudinal designs to better understand causal relationships. It should also include urban contexts and examine moderating variables such as resilience and organizational support. Educational administrators and legislators can use the study's findings to better meet the needs of teachers in light of technology advancements and to enhance the quality of instruction they give.

A Comparative Analysis of Assessment Practices and Their Impact on Student Achievement in Rural vs. Urban Government Secondary Schools in Islamabad

Amna Said — Mon, 30 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This research study aimed to examine and compare the assessment practices utilized in rural and urban secondary level students of government colleges of Islamabad. Diagnosing the critical role of effective assessment practices in the enhancement of learning outcomes, the current study focused on the identification of the differences in assessment methods, challenges faced and its effect on students’ achievement in rural and urban settings. This research followed descriptive research design. Moreover, this quantitative research study was conducted using sample of 362 students enrolled at secondary level and 79 teachers from selected colleges selected through double stage sampling technique. Data were collected using a questionnaire constructed by the researcher. This questionnaire contained various dimensions to measure their performance. To analyse the data statistical analyses including descriptive and inferential statistics were applied to compare assessment approaches and their relationship with academic results. The research findings exposed the existence of disparities between colleges located in urban and rural area of Islamabad. These inequalities could be observed in the conduction of assessments, the extent to which assessments are conducted and provision of feedback to the students. The results identified that formative assessment which focuses on student centred approaches positively correlates with their academic performance. In contrast, the colleges located in rural areas largely depend upon traditional approaches of assessment. As a result, they are behind the urban colleges in the development of critical thinking among learners. Additionally, various challenges that hinder the effectiveness of assessment practices like limited teachers training and inequalities in the system are highlighted. On the basis of detailed findings, the researcher provided recommendations.

Enhancing Academic Productivity through Artificial Intelligence Tools: A Study of University Students

Muhammad Shahzad Mughal, Prof. Dr. Muhammad Shahid Farooq — Mon, 30 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The paper examines how artificial intelligence (AI) tools affect academic productivity among university students in Pakistan. As the use of AI tools in higher education rises, students are turning towards using tools such as Grammarly, ChatGPT, and Notion AI to support their academic requirements. The question that needs to be answered through this study is how these tools affect the capability of the student to manage and schedule his or her time properly, finish his or her homework in an efficient way, and increase his or her performance. The quantitative method was applied to sample 300 students based on various disciplines using validated tools such as the University Students Productivity Scale (USPS), the Artificial Intelligence Practices Scale (AIPS). The regression analysis and structural equation modeling found that high AI use was seen as an effective means of improving academic productivity in three areas: management of time, accomplishment of tasks and academic performance. Nevertheless, research results also indicate some issues connected to excessive reliance on AI-created materials. There are practical implications of the paper to an educator, education institution, and technology developers mentioned in the paper with recommendations on cultivating balanced and ethical integration of AI in higher education.

Development of Computer Science Quality Based Multiple choice Questions at the Secondary Level

Ghulam Ume Farwa, Dr. Fareeha Sami, Muhamad Touseef Khizar — Mon, 30 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The study examined development of quality based test items of computer science subject at secondary level. The study was descriptive in nature with quantitative research approach. The data were collected by survey method. A self-developed test was used as instrument for study. The population of the Study was all the higher Secondary Schools of Tehsil Sargodha. A hundred (100) samples of students were selected through convenient sampling. Test items were developed by using the Table of Specifications (TOS). The validity was ensured by 5 experts having 3 PhDs and 2 Subject Specialists. The items were also developed by keeping in view the face and content validity. The reliability of the instrument was 0.775 which was drawn through MS-Excel and SPSS.10 items (1,3,5,6,11,15,24, 32,47,55) were rejected and 23 items (2,4,14,17,18,21,23,26,28,29,30,31,33,35,36,39,40,42,44,45, 51,54,58) were revised on the basis of difficulty and discrimination. From the conclusion it was found that test was well aligned with TOS as it was valid and according to content. Also it was concluded that test was reliable and it had the caliber to use for further analysis. so it was recommended that QAED academy may arrange the trainings for secondary school teachers to develop quality based test items.

Impact of Teachers’ Emotional Support on Psychological Wellbeing of Visually Impaired Students: A case study of AKAB School, Mirpur AJ&K

Haroona Qurban, Salma Tabassam Ratyal, Qurat Ul Ain Nazir — Wed, 25 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This study exploredthe impact of teachers' emotional support on the psychological well-being of visually impaired students at AKAB School in Mirpur, Azad Jammu, and Kashmir (AJ&K). The primary aim of the research was to examine the extent to which teachers' emotional support influences the mental health and emotional stability of visually impaired students, focusing on key factors such as encouragement, empathy, understanding, and active listening. The research adopts a quantitative methodology, employing structured questionnaires to gather data from visually impaired students of AKAB school. The study's objectives include assessing the level of emotional support provided by teachers, determining the psychological well-being of visually impaired students, and analyzing the relationship between these two variables. All students of AKAB school were the population of the study. Hundred respondents were selected through a purposive sampling technique. Data about teachers’ emotional support and the psychological well-being of visually impaired students was collected through braille questionnaires. Data was analyzed through mean, standard deviation, and correlation tests. Results from the data analysis revealed a significant positive correlation between the emotional support provided by teachers and the psychological well-being of visually impaired students. The findings underscore the critical role of teachers in fostering an inclusive and supportive educational environment that promotes mental health and self-confidence among visually impaired students. The study concludes by emphasizing the importance of emotional support in enhancing the educational experiences of visually impaired students and offers recommendations for educators and policymakers to develop strategies that address the unique needs of these students. This research contributes to the broader understanding of the role of emotional support in special education and highlights the need for continued focus on teacher-student relationships in promoting psychological well-being.

Enhancing Foundational English Learning through Classroom Practices: A Case Study at a Private University in Bangladesh

SM Samuel Karim, Md Roman Talukder Badhan — Wed, 25 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The ability to use English effectively is essential for university students in Bangladesh, especially as English continues to play a central role in academic and professional domains. However, despite studying English for over a decade, many students enter university with limited communicative competence. This gap raises important concerns about the effectiveness of foundational English instruction in tertiary education. This study aimed to explore the classroom practices used in a Basic English course at BGMEA University of Fashion and Technology (BUFT) to identify which teaching methods best support student learning. Using a qualitative case study design, data were collected through 27 non-participant classroom observations and 14 semi-structured interviews with both teachers and students. Thematic analysis was applied to examine how different instructional techniques influenced student engagement and learning outcomes. Findings showed that while traditional methods like the Grammar-Translation Method (GTM) helped build students’ grammatical and writing skills, communicative strategies such as role-playing, task-based activities, and context-driven discussions enhanced student interaction and confidence. Teachers played a key role in balancing both approaches, while this active involvement contributed to more successful learning outcomes. These results suggest that combining structured instruction with communicative techniques can more effectively develop foundational English skills. The study recommends updating university English curricula and teacher training programs to include blended instructional models that promote both accuracy and real-world language use.

Effect of Cognitive Load Management on Physics Achievement at the Secondary Level

Dr. Afifa Khanam, Ms. Amna Jamil — Mon, 31 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Cognitive Load Theory (CLT) describes that the human brain has a limited working memory with restricted storage and processing capacity. Thus, cognitive load management plays an important role in the preparation of instructional design. Managing cognitive load while teaching subjects like science or mathematics, where problem-solving and high cognitive activity are involved, can enhance effective learning. The current study investigates the effect of cognitive load management on Physics achievement at the secondary level. A quasi-experimental pre- and post-test control group design was used for the CLT intervention. Sixty-four secondary school students, male and female, from a public school, studying the subject of Physics, were taken as the study group. They were randomly distributed into control and experimental groups (N = 32 each). A concept-based, researcher-made pre- and post-test (MCQs) was administered to both groups before and after the intervention (9 months). The pre- and post-test scores of the experimental and control groups were compared using an independent sample t-test. Within-group differences in scores were determined through a paired sample t-test. The experimental group exhibited a significant increase in scores on the concepts of Physics as compared to the control group. The study has implications for the use of precise and evidence-based strategies for reducing cognitive workload in other subjects to promote effective and long-lasting learning.

Homophobia, Rejection and Mental Problems: A Critical Stylistic Study of Marriage of a Thousand Lies

Muhammad Nauman, Dr. Rab Nawaz Khan, Sawaira Idris — Mon, 31 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This study’s main focus is to draw attention to difficulties and challenges faced by LGBT individuals. In this study, the researcher examines the author’s discursive construction of queer issues and themes in S J Sindu’s novel Marriage of a Thousand Lies. The author portrays of queer issues and themes in the novel are incredible. In order to examine the discursive construction of queer issues, the chosen novel presents a distinctive opportunity to examine and investigate the discursive construction of queer issues such as Homophobia, parental and societal rejection, mental health issues, and intersectionality of Queer Issues in a particular literary work. The researcher prime objective is to examine the novelist’s use of language and other literary techniques to represent queer issues and themes in Marriage of a Thousand Lies. Queer theory provides the theoretical basis for this study. In order to understand the deeper meaning of purposely chosen text and the cultural and social contexts in which it is situated, the researcher employs Critical Stylistics, Lesley Jeffries’ ten tools, as a method of data analysis. This study uses a qualitative approach to analyze the chosen texts in light of the study's research objectives. Both primary and secondary sources provided data for this study.

The Influence of Mental Well Being, Cognitive Ability, Personality Traits, and Emotional Intelligence on Self-Esteem Among Hearing-Impaired Students In Pakistan

Shoaib Raza, Maria Khan, Muhammad Kamran Khan — Tue, 25 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Objectives: Hearing-impaired students in Pakistan face significant educational and social challenges, often experiencing lower self-esteem due to communication barriers and societal stigma. This study examines the relationships between mental well-being (MWB), cognitive ability (CA), personality traits (PT), emotional intelligence (EI), and self-esteem (SE) among hearing-impaired students.

Methods: Data were collected from 300 students in 10 special education schools using validated survey instruments. Structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) was employed to analyse the relationships among the study constructs.

Results: The findings indicate that MWB, CA, and PT significantly influence SE, highlighting their crucial role in fostering psychological well-being. However, EI's moderating effect was largely non-significant, except for PT, suggesting that personality resilience enhances self-esteem when coupled with emotional intelligence. Cognitive assessments revealed higher memory scores among male students, while guardians’ hearing status did not significantly impact students’ attention performance.

Conclusions: This study shows the importance of targeted interventions to enhance MWB, cognitive skills, and personality development among hearing-impaired students. EI training is beneficial yet its impact appears limited unless combined with broader psycho-social support. Findings contribute to policy recommendations for special education, advocating for inclusive programs and psychological support for hearing-impaired students in Pakistan.

Metaphysical Mentorship for Holistic Development of Adolescents: A Qualitative Need Analysis

Adeela Hussain, Afifa Khanam — Tue, 31 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This qualitative study investigates expert perspectives with the purpose of need analysis regarding metaphysical mentoring in the educational environment, with an emphasis on how it could support adolescents’ holistic development. Metaphysical mentoring is an integrated approach that addresses themes that aren't included in regular curricula, such as the meanings of life, values, purpose, and connections. It has been demonstrated that these factors affect moral development, identity, and emotional resilience of students. Within a qualitative paradigm, the study explored the scope of Metaphysical Mentoring through semi-structured interviews with educational professionals and experts in Punjab. Thematic analysis of their thought-provoking reflections established that metaphysical mentoring offers a safe space for teens to develop their own values and contemplate existential issues, leading to their holistic development.

Practical issues, including curriculum limitations, cultural skepticism, and the requirement for facilitators with specialised training, were additionally brought up by the participants. The study suggests that schools should employ reflective, goal-oriented mentoring techniques to promote inclusive adolescent well-being. Further study is recommended to fully comprehend the practicality and results of these mentoring strategies.

Negotiating Queer Identity and Marriage of Convenience: A study of Marriage of a Thousand Lies

Muhammad Nauman, Dr. Rab Nawaz Khan, Sawaira Idris — Tue, 31 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This study's primary goal is to highlight the difficulties and issues LGBT people experience. In this study, the researcher examines the ways in which the novel Marriage of a Thousand Lies discursively constructs queer concerns and themes. The novel selected for this study offers an opportunity to investigate the queer issues of closet, coming out, marriage of convenience and how these issues discursively constructed by author in SJ Sindu’s Marriage of a Thousand Lies. The researcher main objective is to examine how the novelist uses linguistic and other techniques in the novel under study to portray queer issues and experiences. The theoretical foundation for study is provided by queer theory. The researcher also uses Critical Stylistics, Lesley Jeffries’ Ten tools, as a method of data analysis that focuses on analyzing a text's linguistic and stylistic elements to understand texts' deeper meanings as well as the social and cultural settings in which they are situated. Considering the goal of the research, a qualitative method is used to examine the selected texts. To obtain the data for this study, primary and secondary sources were both used.

Navigating the Female agency of the Third world woman between Western interventionism and Local Patriarchal Norms in Waldman’ SA Door in the Earth

Dr. Abdul Rashid, Abdul Rehman, Tanveer Baig — Wed, 25 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The present study is aimed to examine the female agency of the Third world woman between the Western interventionism and local patriarchal norms of the third world woman in Waldman’ s novel A Door in the Earth . The character of Parveen is dual agent between the patriarchal dominance against woman in Afghanistan and the Western interventional structures and norms of the America against Third World and its women. Parveen was born in Afghanistan and brought up in America but later on she moves to study the plight of women in Afghanistan. The theoretical insights for the present study had been taken from Mohanty’s (1988) "Under Western Eyes", which argues "Third World woman" as a universally oppressed. The findings of the study reveal that the Third World woman is not only oppressed by the patriarchal norms of the third world but by the interventionist norms of the West as well. In this way, third world woman is doubly oppressed. By interrogating the savior narrative and the internal gendered hierarchies, the study argues that A Door in the Earth, challenges the dominant discourses of liberation and oppression and how agency can be negotiated within and beyond these structures.

Quality Education at the Undergraduate Level: Perspectives of Undergraduates

Nazia Saeed, Itbar Khan — Wed, 25 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The study investigated quality education at the undergraduate level from the perspectives of undergraduate students. The study examined whether the teachers make the goals and standards clear to the learners at the beginning of the courses, use proper assessment and teaching methods, the programs make the students independent learners, improve their generic skills, and make the learners independent. Using a quantitative research design, data were collected from the undergraduate students at two public sector universities through a 36-item Course Experience Questionnaire (CEQ) validated by Wilson et al. (1997) with 6 dimensions, results showed that majority of the students agreed that teachers made the goals and standards clear, the program developed generic skills, teachers used proper teaching and assessment methods, and the workload was appropriate. However, a significant number of participants either disagreed or were uncertain about the dimensions. It indicates that there is further scope for improvement in all the dimensions. The study recommends that teachers further focus on sharing the course objectives and standards expected from graduates in their course. There is a need for better communication between teachers and students. Universities may review the courses to determine whether they offer an appropriate workload at the undergraduate level. The universities may arrange regular professional development programs with a focus on methods of teaching and assessment. Teachers may include presentations, case studies, problems, and critical analysis to improve the generic skills of learners.

The Triad of India’s Military Technologies and its Implications for Strategic Stability in South Asia

Abbas Hadir Hussain — Mon, 30 Sep 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This paper explores the strategic implications of India's adoption of advanced military technologies, including Multiple Independently Targetable Reentry Vehicles (MIRV), AI-enhanced surveillance systems, and sophisticated missile defense capabilities, on the stability of South Asia. As India integrates these cutting-edge technologies, the regional balance of power may be significantly altered, potentially lowering the nuclear threshold and destabilizing established crisis management mechanisms. The deployment of MIRVs, in particular, introduces a new layer of complexity to atomic deterrence, increasing the risk of miscalculations and inadvertent escalation during crises. Furthermore, the technological advancements could provoke Pakistan into an accelerated arms race, further exacerbating regional tensions. This study highlights the urgent need for comprehensive confidence-building measures (CBMs) between India and Pakistan and broader multilateral efforts to mitigate these emerging risks. The analysis draws on recent developments in India's military capabilities, emphasizing the importance of diplomatic engagement and transparent communication to prevent escalation and preserve regional stability in a rapidly evolving strategic environment.

A Semantic Analysis of Language of TV Commercial Slogans

Hadiqa Warraich — Mon, 30 Sep 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This paper highlights the semantics types of meanings of the slogans of TV commercials. In this paper, the researcher will discuss Semantic types of meaning by Geoffrey Leech (1981). Semantics deals with the meaning whether it is literal or non-literal. This study focuses on the semantic analysis of Pakistani TV commercials and the researcher has selected the data with very keen observation to highlight the objectives of this research paper. The researcher has limited the study only to Pakistani TV ads. The data for this study is selected year-wise from 2019- 2021. This research data highlights Emotive, Associative, Reflective, and Social meanings that are projected in a sample of the study.

Assessing Pyrolysis for Bio-diesel and Energy Generation from Diverse Municipal Solid Waste with Environmental Impact Analysis

Naveed Ur Rehman — Mon, 30 Sep 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Conversion of municipal solid waste (MSW) to energy through the pyrolysis process is a sustainable waste management system. For the pyrolysis process, a reactor was designed and manufactured on the principles of the thermal pyrolysis process to recycle the plastics, wood and refuse-derived fuel (RDF) into biodiesel. Municipal solid waste was divided into two groups (1) Wood, RDF and a mixture of wood and RDF (2) different types of plastics. The thermal pyrolysis reactor in this study made bio-diesel from plastics, wood, and RDF. Both wood, RDF, and a combination of both, and polymers were employed. Though energy-rich, RDF produced just 4.4% bio-diesel while wood produced 15.56%. PP produced the most biodiesel at 67.8%, followed by HDPE at 54.4%, PET at 43.8%, and mixed plastics at 16.5%. Biodiesel feedstocks vary substantially in calorific value. Biodiesel from wood had 9.6 MJ/kg in the first group, but RDF had 28.05 MJ/kg, showing its energy output potential despite its lower yield. In the second group, PP had the highest calorific value at 30.42 MJ/kg, followed by HDPE at 28.09, PET at 19.86, and mixed plastics at 16.5. PP and HDPE make bio-diesel more efficiently than wood. The feedstock strongly impacts pyrolysis' environmental impact, especially CO2 emissions. Wood pyrolysis produced bio-diesel with 104.8 g of CO2 per kg, cleaner than RDF at 379.8 g. Sustainable energy generation is better with PP and HDPE than RDF since they produce less CO2. These findings suggest investigating alternative pyrolysis procedures to improve bio-diesel yield and reduce environmental impacts, particularly greenhouse gas emissions, for a more sustainable waste-to-energy conversion process.

Social Intelligence as a Predictor of Academic Success among Graduate Students Based on their Gender

Mehar-Un-Nisa, Dr. Deeba Imdad, Syeda Hoor Fatima — Mon, 30 Sep 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This study aimed to explore social intelligence as a predictor of academic success among graduate students with respect to gender. A quantitative research approach with survey technique method was used for data collection in the study. The main objective of the study was to explore the social intelligence as predictor of the academic success of graduate students on the basis of gender. The research question of the study was to what extent does the social intelligence is taken as predictor of the academic success of graduate students on the basis of gender? Populations of the study were all the universities of Sargodha. To select the sample, multistage sampling technique was used. First of all, from all the universities of Sargodha district one public university and one private university was selected by using random sampling technique. A stratum of 75 students were made from each faculty of both universities. Total 300 students were selected by stratified sampling i.e. 150 male students and 150 female students. For the collection of data, a questionnaire was used. Inferential statistics such as chi square test of association were used to establish the extent of association between students’ academic success and students’ social intelligence on the basis of gender. According to findings it was concluded that male and female students have equivalent level of social intelligence. On the basis of conclusion, it was recommended that universities organize various educational seminars and extracurricular activities for students such as games, debates, and group discussions so that male students may also participate.

Critical Evaluation of Male-Chauvinism will Predominantly Focus on Sylvia Plath's and Kamala Das's Poetry

Kashif Mehmood, Muhammad Idrees, Azmat Ali Shah — Mon, 30 Sep 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Feminism is a range of political movements, ideologies, and social movements that share common goal i.e. to define, establish, and achieve political, equal rights within marriage and to protect women from violence and sexual harassment. Male-Chauvinism is the belief that men are inherently superior over women. It is the attitude of men superiority towards women. Men are frequently considered as dominant and women are inferior not from recently but from ancient time. The feminist ideologies and the concept of Male-chauvinism also influenced the English literature. The majority of the Novels and Poetry depict the psychological sufferings of the frustrated housewives and oppressed lives of women. The poem Mushrooms represent an oppressed population most likely women who are mounting a quiet revolution, Plath speaks in the voice of one of the mushrooms that they seemingly appear overnight, growing or expanding quietly The poems have been analysed through close reading of text on the basis of male-chauvinism through the eye of feminism with selected framework Simon De Beauvoir's work The Second Sex (1952). Sylvia Plath and Kamala Das in their poems show different responses toward male- dominance. Women want to throw away oppression and get rid of male-chauvinism. Sometimes they change their identities and sometimes through their struggle show a protest against male dominancy. Mushroom and An Introduction show the same ideology. Despite the surrounding authority of men. They keep on struggling for their rights with a reflection of protest against the established system of exploitation in male dominant society, transforming into a rebellion at last.

Critical Analysis of the Poem 'Good Timber' by Douglas Malloch

Sawaira Idrees, Syeda Laila Saeed — Sun, 30 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Motivation, self-sacrifice, hard work for a good life, and forbearance against difficulties are mirrored in Malloch's poem ‘Good Timber. Certainly, Inspiration, sacrifice, industriousness for a decent life, and tolerance of teething troubles are echoed in Malloch's poem ‘Good Timber’. It is the faith that decent results are followed by hard struggles. It is grounded on confidence, hopefulness, and the trust that hard work is never wasted. The study aimed to critically analyze the poem in terms of Motivation, self-sacrifice, hard work for a good life, and forbearance of difficulties. This study asks what the main message of Good Timber is for learners. The process is ordinary. The sample is Malloch's poem Good Timber. A critical discourse analysis was selected as an analysis tool. It turns out that the poem Good Timber is a declaration of the powers of hard work to things of frustration and sluggishness, almost vulnerable to negative forces-discouragement, self-defeatism, and social effects. It is also mentioned that one should not show despondency entirely. He must have persistent conviction in the power of hard work - that God grants those for which you make hard work and hard worker is the friend of God.

The Best Strategies for Meaningful Change in Life-A Gift for 2024-25: A Phenomenological Study

Syeda Laila Saeed, Sawaira Idrees — Sun, 30 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

An individual can become a polished gem with a good rub in this era of social isolation. Change is the only permanent thing that rules the world. All manifestations of nature go through change. The man also experienced this change from the Stone Age to the Modern Age. This paper concentrates on investigating the best strategies for meaningful change in life. These research questions were discussed; what is change in different manifestations of nature? What is a meaningful change in life? What are the best strategies for meaningful change in life? To collect data from the participants, the researcher used the qualitative design. Moustakas’ (1994) method of phenomenological data analysis which is an improved form of Van Kaam’s (1966) and Colaizzi’s (1978) methods were used for analysis of the collected data. Moustakas analytical method comprises epokhe, horizonalization, phenomenological reduction, imaginative variations, and synthesis (Katsirikou & Lin, 2017). Findings showed that the best strategies for meaningful change in life are perfect planning, setting goals, efficient use of time, an amalgamation of cognitive, physical, and spiritual powers, working toward better working relationships and environment, and making progress by keeping the product in mind. It is recommended that the best strategies be investigated to bring better change in life in 2023 and onward.

More Hilly Love Songs: Towards Theorizing Eco-Anxiety

Anouchka Grose — Sun, 30 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Eco-Anxiety has appeared in media and academia more frequently in recent years because climate change, global warming, degrading ecological systems, melting glaciers and other environmental issues are real concerns and threatening challenges in our contemporary world. These have serious impacts on mental health and overall well-being of human as well as non-human life on our planet. Eco-Anxiety describes such phenomenon along with other related terms like ecological grief, solastalgia, climate anxiety, eco-nostalgia, eco-anger and so on. In order to settle the conceptual overlapping among these terms and make the concept of Eco-Anxiety theoretically sounder and more working, this study contends to maintain that Eco-Anxiety is not simply related to the ‘future fear’ of ecological catastrophe, but it is more inclusive and comprehensive concept that relates to the fears of future, grief and mourning over current ecological concerns and sorrows of the past disasters. Thus it has the potential to describe and cover almost all related phenomenon that is otherwise put under separate headings like climate anxiety, ecological grief, solastalgia etc in previous discussions. Eco-Anxiety is a multifaceted term and has several perspectives including psychological, philosophical, physiological, moral, eco-psychological and sociological. This conceptualization of Eco-Anxiety makes it more significant as a literary theory that can be utilized for the critical reading of eco and environmental literary texts as well as war literature that also projects violence done to non-human world. Thus it will be more supportive for literary research and academia contributing to the field of Ecocriticism.

Examining Disorders in Ibsen's Hedda Gabler

Aneesa Younis, Ayesha Fehmaish — Sat, 29 Jun 2024 07:29:48 +0000

This study aims to investigate the trauma in Ibsen Hedda Gabler. It critically discusses the important aspects of trauma in Hedda Gabbler. The application of trauma theories propagated by Caruth and LaCapra is at the center of the present research. Theorists claim that literature is a means of understanding traumatic situations in the best possible manner. This study explains character behavior patterns to show how they behave differently under traumatic conditions. The present study aimed to understand the effects of trauma on a character's life. The study is qualitative, with a special focus on antagonist analyses. The data are analyzed in light of Caruth's theory (1995) on the traumatic aftershocks that characters suffer. The term PTSD is used in the current study to outline and provide a detailed explanation of a character's post-traumatic behavior. This study highlights how traumatic characters suffer from physical and psychological shock. The textual analysis technique is used to employ in this research. The findings reveal that the antagonist of the play experiences a range of post-traumatic experiences, which lead to a very tragic end.